Wind Power generation station in England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Wind Power age station in England - Essay Example Venture Management alludes to the different kinds of exercises that associated with Planning, Categorizing, Securing and sorting out different assets to achieve a particular point. The essential test of task the executives is to achieve these points and objectives of the venture, contemplating of known and startling possibilities. So it is the obligation of the venture chief to learn about the natural parts of territory before propelling an undertaking. Here our organization is intending to construct another Wind Power age station in England. The United Kingdom is the eighth greatest producer of wind power on the planet. The current introduced ability is over 5.9 gigawatts. And furthermore after biogas UK is the second most noteworthy wellspring of sustainable power source. Starting at 2012, there are more than 300 breeze ranches working in the UK, with introduced capacity of 5953 MW and 3956 turbines. In a reasonable environment, the pace of utilization of regular wellsprings of vit ality by individual action is beneath the ability of normal world to supplant them. Ecological manageability assumes most noteworthy job in the general achievement of the task. It encourages organizations to have the option to achieve vitality adequacy and obey with ecological approach administering carbon discharges. Natural supportability assists with lessening the creation cost so it will help to expanded monetary profits. The capacity to perceive the key maintainability related information plays a huge situation in driving change in the bearings of supportability. â€Å"In today’s quick paced economy, an organization’s information base is rapidly turning into its lone practical upper hand. Accordingly, this asset must be secured, developed, and shared among authoritative individuals .Knowledge is required for increasingly successful and proficient administration dynamic with respect to manageability issues† (Egbu and Renukappa n.d., p. 290). To create hierar chical manageability related execution, venture supervisor need to make out and better understand the key supportability related information resources possible in and across organizations. It is huge for organizations to perceive the key drivers past to executing manageability related information the board programs. On the off chance that organizations don't totally comprehend what drives the necessity for arranging maintainability related information, they may fall into the snare of producing an uncouth information the executives strategy and operational plans. The examination incorporates point, objective, approach, conversation and different key issues and provokes looked to begin the breeze power station. Overseeing change related with ecological maintainability activities, driving and overseeing change in manageability, and furthermore a few difficulties - effect of activities on seriousness additionally consolidated in this investigation. Foundation of the Study: A developing stream of study shows that the reception of ecological and collectively feasible abilities and practices are, at a littlest sum, cost impartial and every now and again set aside open offices and private associations significant entireties of money simultaneously as rising piece of the overall industry, diminishing danger, expanding specialist profitability and partner commitment. It is nothing unexpected then that a rising number of organizations have grasped the idea of manageability in the most recent decade. Ecological maintainability must be a key thought in the association of each administration structures. And furthermore organizations have a key situation to supporting this arrangement for the time of the arranging, activity, production, safeguarding and expulsion of government structures by diminishing negative ecological effects and ensuring administrations to the general public are impervious to condition change. â€Å"Using ecologically reasonable practices for the admin istration of government bui

Olaudah Equiano: a Narrator of Persuasion

In The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Olaudah Equiano ably speaks to the equivalent abilities of respectability and insight from the African individuals constrained into bondage. While his composing is soaks with a high insight and sincerity, there is likewise a waiting feeling of retaining that approaches to the advanced peruser. Between the hour of Equiano's tribulations and the time he wrote his story, it was not the conviction of most of Americans and Europeans that such bondage wasn't right or evilâ€obvious by its long-standing practice.While our general public today is significantly more conscious of the specific abhorrences that happened during the time of servitude, the individuals of this time were not all that illuminated or understanding. This account was fragile so as to cause the perusers to acknowledge the up and coming requirement for liberation of slaves. While his topic is a vital base to his contention of equity for slaves, the genuine meth ods for influence originate from his tone and comprehension of how precisely to address the white readership at the hour of publication.His account is carefully prudent in the execution of such a story during such a period. Equiano manages little dosages of his hardships, tempered with his helped, removed review, just as his accounted attachment to the caring barely any he met all through his excursions. By this methodical way of portrayal, this piece works more enthusiastically at being a convincing work instead of an unpolished recorded record. The primary interesting point when perusing this account is the tranquility that continually wins in Equiano's tone.He keeps a somewhat made manner according to the wild occasions he depicts. For instance, when he clarifies the procedure of the purchasing market, he composes: â€Å"On a sign given (as the beat of a drum), the purchasers surge without a moment's delay into the yard where the slaves are bound, and settle on decision of the p ackage they like best. † (1231). Rather than giving in totally with the passionate charge such a scene would create, he expels himself to proceed with an unruffled tone. He puts things in place with this sentence before further building up the repulsions so as to slip the peruser into it.The utilization of the word â€Å"parcel† inside this similarity puts him a ways off from the circumstance which further empowers a more quiet tone. Calmâ€yet the examination of the captives to â€Å"parcels† is as yet holding by its decrease of individuals to unimportant thought of a bundle or thing in any case. By extricating himself and clarifying from an evacuated perspective, he can relate the occasions in a simpler way for the illumination of the peruser. As he proceeds with the clarification of the purchasers advertise, he renders a practically clinical tone so as to stifle a very passionate or excited retelling.He later states, â€Å"In this way, without second though t, are relations and companions isolated, the majority of them never to see each other again. † (1231). For such an alarming thing, he stays short and to the point. Equiano doesn't over enjoy depicting these occasions he encountered, yet conveys them in a parity of self-restraint for the discernable quality of the peruser. While his tone empowers the peruser to take in his story without being overpowered with the cruelty of his story, he likewise persistently addresses the peruser actually, which saturates a more profound association among writer and reader.Equiano spends an arrangement handing-off foundation data concerning his very own underlying foundations and legacy so as to confer a further feeling of himself to the peruser. Following doing as such, he states, â€Å"I trust the peruser won't think I have intruded on his understanding in acquainting myself with him, with some record of the habits and customs of my nation. † (1222). He takes incredible consideration in charming himself to the peruser so as to upgrade their gathering of him, particularly as he is in the sensitive situation of being a portrayal of the slave populace as well.In his endeavors of influence, his picture is absolutely critical to his motivation, along these lines such announcements are useful. Inside such little explanations he conveys and demeanor of sympathy and uprightness towards the peruser. He later tends to the peruser by and by when he at last gets the report communicating his opportunity: â€Å"As the type of my manumission has something unconventional in it, and communicates the total force and territory one man asserts over his individual, I will ask leave to introduce it before my perusers at full length. † (1238). Here he shows the peruser how sincerely he wishes them to realize all that he needs to share.This direct vernacular towards the perusers welcomes them to be a member of his account by effectively thinking about their contemplations and e motions. Equiano is adroit in making these solicitations to the peruser in light of the fact that it cultivates a sentiment of association with the material and a connection to the creator. The more he prevails with regards to strengthening the bond among writer and peruser, the more he prevails in at last convincing them to perceive how significant it is that others such as himself be liberated from such agonizing occasions. The most sharp activity Equiano utilizes in his story is his revealed to exclusion.As he spreads out the revulsions he endured during his section across seas†smell, infection, starvation, misuse, deathsâ€the vision turns out to be extremely unnerving and discouraging. Today, it is realized that these examples are just shallow to the genuine degree of the repulsions on these slave ships, yet such issues were unreasonably sensitive to distribute at that point, and numerous individuals would probably have dismissed such a story as a false notion. Equiano c omposes, â€Å"In this way we kept on experiencing a bigger number of hardships than I would now be able to relate, hardships which are indistinguishable from this damned exchange. † (1230).While it appears to be a basic explanation, it chips away at the brains of the perusers in a manner that is satisfying to Equiano's goal. He forgets about the more noteworthy hardships, indeed, however he tells the peruser that he did, and cautions them that they were at last more awful than they could deal with. Much like in a film when a scene cuts from something embarrassing, the suggestion is sufficient to mix the watcher. Equiano utilizes this equivalent gadget in his account. In the wake of telling in detail the more shallow abhorrences, he conveys a picture to the peruser that is sufficient to balance them without dismissing them, however they despite everything don't completely comprehend at this point.Insinuating there is undeniably more ingrains an awkward bothering inside the pe ruser regarding what precisely Equiano is forgetting about. Equiano likewise mollifies the peruser by including white people of brave character that he experienced. The component of race is obviously exceptionally solid inside such a content. Here, a liberated African is tending to a huge white readership about his battles against his white oppressorsâ€nothing shy of delicate. By indicating his absence of inclination towards race, yet thankfulness for character, he builds up a feeling of lack of bias that is welcoming for the readers.The peruser's first experience with an upstanding white character is Richard Baker. In Equiano's depiction of him, he composes, â€Å"He was a local of America, had gotten great instruction, and was the most affable temper. † (1233). These are for the most part qualities that numerous perusers would maybe use in their own portrayals in all likelihood, making him a relatable figure. His dynamic changes when Equiano later portrays their relation ship: â€Å"Soon after I got onto, he demonstrated me a lot of favoritism and consideration, and consequently I became incredibly enamored with him.We finally got indistinguishable; and, for the space of two years, he was of exceptionally extraordinary use to me, and was my consistent buddy. † The relationship of these two men was of far off thankfulness, yet he says they were associates. He depicts to the peruser a genuine, commonly remunerating companionship between a white man and a dark man. This was not actually a regular fellowship of the time, and he goes to depict their cooperations with each other, among instruction, and the preliminaries they looked on board the boat where they would stick to one another when in fear.Richard Baker isn't depicted as one who raised himself above Equiano, however treated him like an equivalent. His portrayal is one to be respected by perusers. When Richard kicks the bucket, he proceeds with his depiction of him while relating the miser y of his misfortune: â€Å". . . I lost on the double a benevolent mediator, a pleasant buddy, and a devoted companion; who, at fifteen years old, found a brain better than bias; and who was not afraid to see, to connect with, and to be the companion and teacher of . . . a slave! † (1233).In this announcement, he shows the peruser a tie between his temperament and his ethics; he was an honorable individual who didn't acknowledge deprecating or isolating blacks into a classification outside his own mankind. Richard Baker is a significant character to the target of Equiano in light of the fact that he fills in as a format for the perusers to strive for. Another significant white character is Robert King, the person who permits Equiano to at last buy his opportunity. With Robert, it isn't as much his character that is the center, however his indispensable activity which draws admiration.When Equiano at long last presents to Robert the forty pounds real for his opportunity, he co mposes â€Å"My ace at that point said he would not be more terrible than his guarantee; and, taking the cash, instructed me to go to the Secretary at the Register Office, and get my manumission drawn up. These expressions of my lord resembled a voice from paradise to me. † (1237). This is an entirely key piece of Equiano's story since it is the very pinnacle on which his battling as one who is possessed is upset. Robert picks up respectability in making sure about a route for Equiano to increase such opportunity. Through Robert King's activities, the peruser can perceive how grand giving a slave their opportunity can be.Equiano drove forward through an extraordinary de

Writing Paper Can Be Easy

Writing Paper Can Be Easy Writing Paper Can Be Easy Home›Education Posts›Writing Paper Can Be Easy Education PostsThere are always tons of different writing paper assignments in college. Professors provide very strict and difficult instructions students should meet. Very often deadlines are too short and students cannot cope with all tasks at the same time. To write a really good paper, students should do a thorough research, read a lot of literature, and create well-structured paper. It is essential to write paper from scratch as professors are very strict when it comes to plagiarism issues. If your paper will be plagiarized, there is a high possibility that you will fail the class. That is why, you should never copy someone’s ideas but thoroughly analyze them and provide your own. A good paper should be formatted properly. There are a lot of formatting styles such as APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Oxford, and so on. Students have to refer to formatting guidelines in order to properly format the paper as grade can be lowered due to formatting issues. Remember to use only credible sources. Many professors forbid to use Wikipedia and other unreliable sources for research papers. It is advisable to take information from peer-reviewed journals. Also be very careful with outdated sources since your grade may also be lowered.It is understandable that you are overloaded and want to have some free time to relax and spend it with your friends. However, you have to turn all your writing assignments on time if you want to succeed in college. Yes, it may be not so easy but try to concentrate on studying process as your future academic career depends on it. If you need some professional help or useful tips, you may always visit QualityCustomEssays.com where real experts provide you with all necessary stuff. Don’t ignore the studying process, put all your efforts, and you will definitely achieve remarkable success!

Possible Attitudes and Response to the Change Process Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Some of the employees will have a positive attitude towards the change process since the efficiency of their work will be enhanced while others who are not dedicated to provision of quality services will respond to the change process with resistance. Resistance in a change process is any activity that tries to delay the process or causes additional costs to the change program (Vallas 2003, 223). Some of the reasons why the employees will resist and delay the change process are fear of the unknown, when the employees do not know what will be expected of them after the change process, lack of information and miss-understanding, parochial self-interest and mistrust among the leaders initiating the change process. Therefore, as the manager responsible for ensuring that the process becomes a success, I have to anticipate the possible attitudes and responses in regards to the process and mitigate ways of responding to them. Change is a continuous unfolding process rather than an event, bu t various barriers can meet it. The process of change begins with the present state, moves through the transitional period to the desired state and once the desired state is reached, the process starts again. We will write a custom essay sample on Possible Attitudes and Response to the Change Process or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Measures of dealing with these barriers entail communication with the employees as well as educating them on the importance of the change process. It is important to emphasize the goals of the change process and benefits that will result from the change. The manager should be involved in clarifying any information through the provision of accurate feedback.

Harrison Bergeron Theme of Competition - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 695 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Harrison Bergeron Essay Did you like this example? Harrison Bergeron was written to give the reader some sort of idea as to what it would be like if there was no competition in the world. The main character is 14, tall, handsome, strong, athletic, smart, and above average in every way imaginable. The author uses humor and irony to depict a rather horrible story of a dystopian society where, all people were truly and fully made equal in every aspect imaginable under the law of the land. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Harrison Bergeron Theme of Competition" essay for you Create order The government made sure that no one could be smarter, prettier, stronger, or in anyway better than the next person. It is not only a story of government control but also a story about social boundaries and conforming to social norms in this made up society. Competition is in our nature as people. There is always someone out there that is better, smarter, stronger, etc that we are trying to get ahead of. In this short story a woman named Diana Moon Glampers who was the handicapper general was required to come up with ideas to make sure that no one had an unfair advantage over anyone else. If someone was more than average in their intelligence, like the main character in this short story, they were required to wear an earpiece twenty-four hours a day that transmitted horrible noises into their ears in twenty second intervals to blast out the thoughts. Everyone in this society was required to wear sacks with a certain number of lead balls in them depending on their size, strength and other factors determined by the handicapper general, to weigh them down so that they couldnt move faster than others. Although unrealistic, this dystopian society draws parallels to the world we live in today. Everyone always competing to see who has the best job, the best house, the best car, etc. In everything we do we are competing against or siblings, peers, and the rest of the world for some sort of gratification. All children get a trophy for being on a sports team just for showing up for practices and games, just so that they dont feel inferior to the children that are athletically inclined or the children who work harder and put in more time than the others to make themselves better. The author uses extreme irony throughout the short story to illustrate just how ridiculous life was in this made up world. All TV/radio announcers had some sort of speech impediment, sometimes so severe that they couldnt make the announcements that they were supposed to make. For example when the ballerina decided to read the announcement over live tv the narrator said She had to apologize at once for her voice, which was a very unfair voice for a woman to use. Her voice was a warm, luminous, timeless melody. Excuse me- she said and began again making her voice completely uncompetitive. The advancement of technology is a big theme in this writing because of the use of all the handicapping devices. Everyone in this society had to wear a bag chained around their neck with a certain number of lead balls so no one would be stronger or faster than anyone else. For every ball you took out of your bag it was $2000 and 2 years in jail. If you had more than average intelligence you were to wear a mental handicap which played piercing noises in your ears so that you were not able to think clearly. If you could see better than everyone else, you would have to wear glasses to impair your vision. And if you didnt look average, you would have to wear a mask so that no one felt threatened by your beauty. The more above average you looked, the uglier the mask you were made to wear. The main character, Harrison, had to wear big headphones that covered his ears, glasses that impaired his vision as well as giving him debilitating migraines. He was made to carry three hundred pounds of scrap metal on his body and, because of his good looks, was always made to wear a red ball on his nose 24 hours a day and to keep his eyebrows shaved.

How to Manage Negativity within the Medical Aesthetics Free Essays

The vital challenge for managing negative employees nowadays is to stay alive and flourish in a very chaotic globe. To achieve this, the Medical Aesthetics Market Place perceives it essential to keep positive attitudes of its organization. Ethical values, constantly applied, are the foundation in building a commercially victorious and generally responsible business (Barbuceanu Fox, 1996). We will write a custom essay sample on How to Manage Negativity within the Medical Aesthetics or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Business organizations progress trust and a positive outlook between its personnel strengthen ethical framework and proffer a moral breadth during times of change and in catastrophe (Grimes Alley, 1997). Medica Spa owners require positive-productive employees to gain encouraging impact on their clienteles. For this objective, owners and managers endow with greater control over one’s manners, build assurance in decision making, and consent to more truthful discernments of one’s self. Those issues concern justice, honesty, correctness and an optimistic attitude; as a consequence it can only be resolved according to ethical standards. Decision-making must be empowered to the level adjoining the field of action, on condition that, that this level has compulsory for positive reception from its employees at its clearance (Guest, 1989). A manager is required to make his function wider to increase dynamism, inventiveness and speed of achievement (Barenberg, 1994). Employees in the Medical Aesthetics Market Place are in fact obliged to comply with significantly increased demands in quantity and quality. The movement in the present day is to hire less than sufficient staff and work to the maximum.   Negativity should be restricted to any level of an employee. Operations individuals at present have more duties and must generate more (Ghallab, 1994). Owners are required to entrust a part of its sanctions to the subordinate hierarchical levels, if they do not want to be congested with more and more abundant and multifaceted problems. Delegation is mainly about entrusting an owner’s authority to others. This denotes that they can take action and begin autonomously; and that they presume duty with owners for tasks. Entrustment underpins a technique of management which allows the staff to exercise and widen their skills and knowledge to full potential (Guest, 1989). To manage negativity of employees, owners must: distribute adequate resources to board activities such as time, money, and facilities support workers and supervisors to collaborate with the committee and be involved entail the committee in each and every health and safety activities facilitate to schedule committee activities such as investigations as well as inspections divide health and safety matters from concerns not related work and take steps safely and guarantee that supervisors work and take action carefully To manage negative employees, managers must be straightforward to the staff to assume their responsibilities, as every now and then it is very at ease to feel oneself protected from all risks that are inherent in running an organization’s operations; a desire from the managers must exist to abandon certain prerogatives – for it is a loss of authority – to be able to concentrate on other more significant activities; must be capable of setting up a career promotion and rewards that recompense the efforts of the staff that stimulate them and motivate their activity for the benefit of the group (Ghallab, 1994).   The staff must have enough knowledge on how to do their responsibilities with dedication and positive attitude. Thus, the business owners ought to facilitate access to the required understanding. The owner who fears and cannot organize well will never manage negativity of employees successfully; the manager, who is acquainted with that the staff may possibly have supplementary experience and knowledge, and so may possibly develop the decision-making process, will receive their participation; managing negativity of employees guarantees that the staff will put decision-making into practice within the organization of their objectives and will sense that their perspectives are welcome. One of the main irrational fears about delegation is that by providing others authority, an owner or manager loses power (Grimes Alley, 1997). This must not be the case. If the owner trains the staff to take actions the same criteria as the manager would, by example and explanations, then the staff will be exercising the manager’s control on his/her behalf with positive outlook if and only if the manager demonstrates a positive attitude. And since they will distinguish many more circumstances over which control may be put into effect, then control will be exercised more rapidly and more diversely than an owner could put it into effect by his/her self. An owner must be able to distribute the more mundane tasks as equally as possible; and add the more stimulating once as broadly. Generally, but particularly with the tedious tasks, an owner must be careful to delegate not only the performance of the mission but also its tenure (Barenberg, 1994). Task handing over, more willingly than task assignment, allows innovation and positive attitude and outlook in their work. To manage negativity within a business,   an owner is supposed to increase progressively; first, a small assignment leading to a little improvement, then another assignment which constructs upon the first; when that is accomplished, add an additional step; and so on. This is the differentiation between asking people to balance a sheer wall (negative), and offering them with a flight of steps (positive). When an owner delegates a job, it does not have to be finished as fit as an owner could do it in a given time, but only as fit as needed: never judge the upshot by what is expected (it is complicated to be objective – negative), but by fitness for positive function. When an owner delegates a task, he/she must agree upon the standards by which the result will be reviewed. An owner must not exaggerate a negative issue; if the staff did something wrong, the owner must have the skill of using specific and positive terms in correcting the mistake – not meaning to hurt the staff’s feelings (Barbuceanu Fox, 1996). References Barbuceanu, M. Fox, M. (1996). The Design of a Coordination Language for Multi-Agents Systems. In Intelligent Agents III. Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages. Springer, pp.341-355. Barenberg, M. (1994). Democracy and Domination in the Law of Workplace Cooperation: From Bureaucratic to Flexible Production, 94 Colum. L. Rev. 753, 825–78. Harper, supra note 468, at 113–14. Ghallab, M. (1994). Past and future chronicles for supervision and planning. In Jean  Paul Haton, editor, Proceedings of the 14th Int. Avignon Conference, Paris, EC2 and AFIA, pp23-34. Grimes, G. Alley, B. (1997). Intelligent Agents for Network Fault Diagnosis and Testing. In Integrated Network Management V: integrated management in a virtual world. San Diego, California, USA, May 1997. IFIP, Chapman Hall, pp.232-244. Guest, D. (1989). Personnel and HRM: Can you tell the difference? Personnel Management. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing, pp23-27. How to cite How to Manage Negativity within the Medical Aesthetics, Essay examples

Disease Prevention and Infection Management

Question: Discuss about the Disease Prevention and Infection Management. Answer: Gold Coast environment Gold Coast is a city of South Brisbane in Queensland, located on the east cost of the Australia. It is famous for surfing spots, sandy beaches, waterways and inland canals. The Gold Coast climate is humid with hot summers and warm winters. Winter season is pleasant with little rainfall. During summer, it experiences heavy thundershower and rain sometimes lasts up to few weeks. Almost 10millions of tourists visit Gold Coast annually, which contribute to more than $5billion to the citys financial improvement per year (Cooper Lemckert, 2012). The tourists are attracted due to Gold Coasts beaches, convenient transport facilities, recreational activities and sports. It represented two national level competitions, namely Rugby league football and Australian rules football since 2007 and 2011, respectively. Initially, the town was named as South Coast, but, due to price rise for goods, services and real estate, the name was changed to Gold Coast. The area demonstrated an evolving collabora tive surroundings for the mixed use of knowledge and health activities and benefits from more than almost $5billion in local development. The Parklands area has been recognized as the location for 2018Commonwealth Games ("Parklands Project", 2016). As a public health advisor, it is important to establish processes in order to manage probable risks linked with such major events. This is because such events experience influx of international and local athletes, visitors, support staff and tourists. The population expand during the month of April and place major stress on local infrastructure, which in turn increase public health risks, especially infectious diseases. The diseases spread from one individual to another and thereby, called communicable disease. The causes of spreading include touch, coughing, sneezing, sharing same towel and so on. Influenza, tuberculosis, measles, chicken pox are some communicable disease. During any event, sell of street foods likely to increase. Uncov er foods and water more prone to be contaminated with various germs and thereby, increase the chance of disease spread (Bennett, Dolin, Blaser, 2014). The contamination may cause due to preparation of foods in unhygienic ways, including storing and serving, using dirty utensils, dirty hands. Also, houseflies transfer germs from waste to food. Infrastructure associated with infection control and management Infection control and management considers factors associated with spread of infection, prevention, surveillance and management. Communicable diseases still remain a major public health issue in Australia and across the globe. The problems that are prevalent in Australia are diverse and include foodborne virus, occurrence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, vector-borne disease, vaccine preventable disease and sexually transmitted disease. The health care advisors and respective authoritative bodies like Office of Health Protection are engaged in various activities in order to diminish the prevalence of infections and their spread, which in turn would reduce the economic and social impact of the communicable diseases. These bodies hold major roles as developer, implementer and co-ordinator of nationalized actions in response to disease outbreaks and also act as leaders in developing effective practice guidelines and public health policies. Miller Palenik, (2014) in this regard have mentioned that a nationalised perspective could be obtained through various networks like Communicable Disease Network in Australia. The public health advisors should provide policy and technical advice on infectious diseases in order to ensure best practices in public health services. Extensive international and national networking facilities have access to various expertise in the field of infectious diseases, which in turn ensures timely and appropriate responses towards disease outbreaks. This includes high quality inputs and national significance to public health policy, programs and decision-making. Complying with the Quarantine Act (1908), involvement in human health administration along with close connection with the inspection services, Australia strengthens multidirectional approach of the public health advisors multidirectional approaches towards disease control ("Quarantine Act 1908", 2016). The present infrastructure related to infection control and management includes two major objectives: improved prevention, identification and response to communicable disease and improved delivery and organization of infectious disease control (Zingg et al., 2015). These in turn would support the delivery of a national and integrated infectious disease response. The present structure does not alter the accountabilities of the territory and Australian governments rather it focuses on the prioritisation and coordination of the major system elements. The present structure recognises the direction for opportunities and changes for the actions to reinforce the present system. Major diseases of concern and their relevant etiology and epidemiology Major diseases of concerns are could be respiratory tract infection, measles, diarrhoea, cholera and many more. Respiratory tract infections like sore throats, cold, laryngitis and sinusitis are caused due to viruses. Bacteria could also cause respiratory tract infections that include whooping cough and pneumonia. Sometimes, bacteria could also cause second time infection after a viral attack. Fever with heavy coughing, chest pain and pain between the shoulders are prominent in pneumonia. Environmental risks associated with respiratory infection include poor hygiene and over-crowded area. Pneumonia and influenza may cause severe issues, especially, these expose community at risk. A recent report reveals that more than half of the population (approximately 69%) are affected with acute respiratory infection annually in Australia. The infection rate was higher among the young population and entails a major burden on the Austrian society (Metersky et al., 2012). Tuberculosis or TB is spread from one infected individual to another via air medium. Almost 1000cases of TB are identified annually in Australia, where more than 80% people are from various parts of the world (Barry et al., 2012). Indications include appetite loss, fatigue, fever and persistent cough. This disease is especially dangerous for immune compromised individuals and requires antibiotic administration. In the provided scenario, where influx of international and national athletes, spectators, support staff and tourists add stress on the local community, therefore, could increase the chance of public health risks, which might include the outbreak of communicable disease like Tuberculosis. Chicken pox exhibits flu-like indications like headache, sore throat and fever. Issues associated with this disease are lung infection, encephalitis, meningitis and so on. The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is an etiologic agent of chicken pox. It is obtained through respiratory droplet inhalation by an individual from an affected person and thereby, referred to as airborne disease. The transmission may also take place via contact of vital vesicles however chance of such transmission is low. Children are more prone to get affected with this disease, where almost 90% of the incidences are taking place among the younger children with less than 10years. Chicken pox is benign among the healthy child but morbidity increases among the immunocompromised patients and adults (Carville, Riddell Kelly, 2010). Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E are the responsible viruses for hepatitis. Hepatitis C is a member of flavivirus family that reproduced multiple copies within the human liver cells. The virus does not directly kill the hepatic cells. But immune response is initiated due to viral presence within the liver that in turn causes inflammation and death of hepatic cells. It is evident that there are majorly six types of stains of HCV, where individual genotype contains a, b or c subtypes. Almost 54% prevalence of hepatitis is evident in Australia (Sievert et al., 2011). Health services capacity and identify critical control points The Hospital and Health Boards Act 2011authorises the Department of Health to issue health service instructions to various health services and hospitals. The instructions are issued to promote service integration and coordination, optimise efficient and effective use of resources, set policies and standards for the delivery of high and safe quality services. This further ensures stable service delivery approaches and support the application of legislation, state policies and other relevant agreements (McGorry, Bates Birchwood, 2013). Health services capacity are brief and emphasise on certain requirements and consequences that are yet to achieve by the health services and hospitals. The QAS or Queensland Ambulance Services provide patient care, high standard emergency treatment and transport for injured and the sick. It maintains current clinical practice standards and considers thoroughly developed statements depend upon the best available evidences. Problems are more likely to occur in detailed documentations of disease outbreak, vaccinations and other relevant health records of individuals, which should be maintained by respective health departments with incorporation of various databases. Monitoring includes scrutinies of the process, structure and outcome factors in the patient pathway. The public health advisors include evaluation of individual patient risks and isolate those risk factors such as: health status, treatment in hospitals, process, microbial sampling and so on. Role of transport access in affecting risk Buses, ferries, short-distance trains are easily available in the Gold Coast city. From this, it could be stated that in case of any disease outbreak, individuals would not face any problem in reaching to respective health certain to avail required health services (Li Hensher, 2011). Also, the QAS offers transport for the non-emergency patients, which enable pre-arranged visit to any medical facility for current treatment and transfer patients between medical facilities for different specialist treatments. References Barry, C., Warning, J., Stapledon, R., Konstantinos, A. (2016). Tuberculosis notifications in Australia, 2008 and 2009. Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report, 36(1), 82-94. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23153084. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23153084) Bennett, J., Dolin, R., Blaser, M. (2014).Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases(1st ed.). (https://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/mandell-douglas-and-bennetts-principles-and-practice-of-infectious-diseases-9781455748013.html#panel1) Carville, K., Riddell, M., Kelly, H. (2010). A decline in varicella but an uncertain impact on zoster following varicella vaccination in Victoria, Australia. Vaccine, 28(13), 2532-2538. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.01.036 (www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X1000068X) Cooper, J. Lemckert, C. (2012). Extreme sea-level rise and adaptation options for coastal resort cities: A qualitative assessment from the Gold Coast, Australia. Ocean Coastal Management, 64, 1-14. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.04.001 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569112000701) Li, Z. Hensher, D. (2011). Crowding and public transport: A review of willingness to pay evidence and its relevance in project appraisal. Transport Policy, 18(6), 880-887. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.06.003. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X11000849) McGorry, P., Bates, T., Birchwood, M. (2013). Designing youth mental health services for the 21st century: examples from Australia, Ireland and the UK. The British Journal Of Psychiatry, 202(s54), s30-s35. https://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.119214 (https://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/202/s54/s30) Metersky, M., Masterton, R., Lode, H., File, T., Babinchak, T. (2012). Epidemiology, microbiology, and treatment considerations for bacterial pneumonia complicating influenza.International Journal Of Infectious Diseases,16(5), e321-e331. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2012.01.003 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22387143) Miller, C. Palenik, C. (2014). Infection Control and Management of Hazardous Materials for the Dental Team5 (1st ed., pp. 330-335). Elsevier Health Sciences. (https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Infection_Control_and_Management_of_Haza.html?id=3D26_Ao7e5gCredir_esc=y) PARKLANDS PROJECT ENVIRODEVELOPMENT ACCREDITATION - Parklands Project. (2016). Parklands Project. Retrieved 28 November 2016, from https://www.parklandsproject.com.au/parklands-project-environmental-development-february-2016/ Quarantine Act 1908. (2016).Legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 25 November 2016, from https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00224 Sievert, W., Altraif, I., Razavi, H., Abdo, A., Ahmed, E., AlOmair, A. et al. (2011). A systematic review of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Asia, Australia and Egypt. Liver International, 31, 61-80. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02540.x (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21651703) Zingg, W., Holmes, A., Dettenkofer, M., Goetting, T., Secci, F., Clack, L. et al. (2015). Hospital organisation, management, and structure for prevention of health-care-associated infection: a systematic review and expert consensus. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 15(2), 212-224. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70854-0 (https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(14)70854-0/abstract?rss=yes)

Women And Honor Essay Analysis Example For Students

Women And Honor Essay Analysis Death foIs it glorious to die for your country?. This question has been posed to many young people about to embark on war although the answer has usually been yes in response to their country due mainly to the fact that the government instills it in the people of the country to support ones country and one way is to send young abled bodied men into the army. If you were one individual that was not in favour of fighting for your country you would surely become an outcast by the countries people. To avoid ridicule and becoming outcasted by the people living around you, you would join the army just in the thought that you were obligated to for the sole sake of your country. Such thoughts were reinforced by the government promotion of propaganda. Glorifying death is not needed to be taught and should be up to the sole individual. School systems should teach an unbiased point of view of war to enable the child to make their own decision to fight for ones country. Within the education syst em it was instructed to the teachers to teach the children at a young age during the brink of war to instill that their the life of the country and for them to defend their country against the enemy. Teachers showed being in a army was representing honour and the pride of the country. Guilt was laid on the students who showed rebellion by the teacher. Many times the teacher would try to show a soldier that looks happy and content trying to represent being a soldier makes you happy and content. We will write a custom essay on Women And Honor Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many young inexperienced soldiers were sent to training camps near the battle fields that they would soon be sent to fight, for their country and their life. The training camps were situated on similar enviroments that resembled the battle fields of where the fighting would take place. Reinforced displine to the young and ignorant men. Trench warfare is when many soldiers of opposing countries fight against each other across a vast desolate, dirt covered land, and the only sense of cover was to crouch in a usually water logged trench. The sense of death engulfed your very soul, the conezt bombardment of shells echo in your mind long after it had ceased. On the Western front conditions were horrible to say the least, stench of death remained coneztly in the air, bodies riddled with bullet wounds lay across the bottoms of the trenches, dismembered bodies scattered across the landscape and the sounds of agonizing and dying men echo across the battle grounds. Very limited rations offering very little in flavour was the only food available to the soldiers. Often raining, it caused muddy, damp conditions. The men staying in a trench filled with water and muddy conditions often caused such diseases as trench foot and trench mouth. Contagious diseases were spread quickly. Lack of cleaniness gave many soldiers lice and rats would run through the trenches feeding on the garbage and human wastes. Thousands of soldiers would line up under the cover of their trenches for a stretch of miles and wait for the leading officer to give the signal for the charge. When the signal was given the thousands of soldiers would all try to run across the no-mans land to attempt the breach of the enemies trench. This charge would be under conezt machine gun fire and mortar shelling by the enemy. These kind of attacks usually failed maily due to the fact the odds were already stacked against the attacking party. The diezces the charging men had to run to get to the enemies trench was far enough for the enemy to use its conezt shelling and its machine gun fire to dwindle the attacking army significant enough for the attacking army to retreat. .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf , .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf .postImageUrl , .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf , .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf:hover , .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf:visited , .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf:active { border:0!important; } .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf:active , .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6ee751a847e7c04c34ec21f15d009ccf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Declaration Of Independence EssayCounter attacks were quickly attempted after the attacks. The counter attacks were similiar to the actual attacks except the difference was that the counter attack involved the killing of the retreating of the enemy instead of attacking someone under the cover of the trench. During the war all soldiers were affected either physically or phsycologically. Shell shock was an ongoing sickness affecting many soldiers in the trenches. The conezt bombardment of mortar shelling became so defeaning and monotonous the sounds of shelling remained with the soldier even when there was no shelling. Such cases became so severe for some the soldier would g o in fits of rage and fear at the very same ineztance. Virtually all soldiers felt homesick at one time or another. The soldiers being out on the battle fronts for a long time soon forgot the propaganda beliefs the country had instilled the soldiers, instead the soldiers just wanted to survive their tour of duty however long it would be. Death had been experienced and seen by the soldiers on the front for a long time that the themes had become relative to their daily life on the front. Coming back to their homes the soldiers had received and learned of a new perpective on war. It was that when face to face with death the political beliefs that were held were irrevalant when trying to survive in the war. Glorification of death is ridiculous unless you were being attacked and threat of death was present that would be another story but to die for a something many miles away is something that the individual must take in consideration in when making his or her decision. I personally woul d not risk death if friends and family were not at risk. Since our country has become less militarized since WWII the need for military personnel has not been as necessary. But as mentioned before if the country I lived was under a threat of takeover I believe I would take up arms to defend against the people who would try to attack. Other than that the physcological and physical damages soldiers endure would deter me from joining any army.r Your Country

Essay on Success and Failure of Intelligence

Essay on Success and Failure of Intelligence Essay on Success and Failure of Intelligence Essay on Success and Failure of IntelligenceHistorically, intelligence played an important part in military operations and wars. However, intelligence operations may have not only positive but also negative effects on military operations as well as the balance of power between opposing parties. At this point, it is possible to refer to the experience of the US and allies’ intelligence during World War II, when the intelligence suffered both successes and failures. In this regard, it is possible to refer to the case of the failure of the US intelligence to foresee the attack of the Japanese on Pearl Harbor and the success of the allies’ intelligence in uncovering the way to crack Enigma, German encryption system used in the communication of Germans. These two cases reveal the full extent to which the intelligence operations may be influential and affect outcomes of large scale military conflicts. On the other hand, the revelation of the failure of the US intelligence in Pearl Harbor shows the importance of the intelligence as the agency that can foresee and prevent large scale military operations and failures of the national defense system. Therefore, successes and failures of the intelligence show that the intelligence plays an important part in military operations, wars as well as socio-political development of nations and the effective performance of intelligence can help nations to take a stronger position in the competitive struggle between nations and international relations.The failure of the US intelligence in Pearl Harbor is a well-known fact as well as the cracking of Enigma is a renowned success of the allies’ intelligence. However, from the scientific point of view, the failure or success of the intelligence should be grounded on the revelation of facts and evidence that prove that the particular intelligence operation. In this regard, to determine whether the particular intelligence operation was a success or failure, it is poss ible to elaborate criteria which mark the success of the intelligence operation. Criteria of the successful intelligence operation include several key elements (Cook, 2006). First, the intelligence operation is successful, if it has caused harms to the enemy. In fact, the ultimate goal of the intelligence operation is obtaining the target information or completion of the target action successfully that will directly or indirectly harm the enemy. For instance, even if the intelligence operation does not lead to the destruction of the enemy infrastructure, but helps to reveal certain information about the enemy’s infrastructure, then the intelligence will weaken the position of the enemy because the party conducting the military operation will know weak points in the defense line of the enemy.Second, the intelligence operation is successful, if it was conducted safely for agents and other stakeholders involved in the operation. The safety of agents is very important because, fi rst, the intelligence agency has to invest funds into training of its agents that means that the loss of agents is costly. Second, the loss of agents weakens the position of the intelligence that naturally cannot be the marker of success of the military operation. Therefore, the safety of agents is definitely the evidence of the success of the intelligence operation.Third, the intelligence operation is successful, if it allows saving life of soldiers and civilians of the party that conducts the intelligence operation or those of its allies. One of the primary goals of any intelligence operation is the safety of soldiers and civilians. The protection of soldiers and civilians and enhancement of their security proves that the intelligence operation is successful.Fourth, the intelligence operation is successful, if it contributes to saving facilities, infrastructure, military equipment and other items essential for the successful military operations of the party conducting the intellig ence operation. The protection of facilities and infrastructure is another priority of intelligence operations, especially, if they are conducted during the wartime. If intelligence operations secure the infrastructure and facilities of the party that conducts the intelligence operation then such intelligence operation is definitely successful.Fifth, the intelligence operation is successful, if its outcomes have a generally positive effect on the particular military conflict and balance of powers of parties involved in the war. Intelligence operations conducted during the wartime should have the long-lasting positive effects and bring positive impact on the position of the military of the party conducting the intelligence. In fact, truly successful intelligence operations may have the determinant effect on the development of military conflicts and large scale wars.Sixth, the successful intelligence operation remains unnoticed for the enemy until harmful effects of the operation beco me obvious or even after the end of the military conflict. The intelligence traditionally operates secretly. Therefore, if operations of the intelligence agency are uncovered, then they failed, while, on the contrary, if the enemy and public fails to notice the intelligence operation, then such operation is successful.The major success of the intelligence during World War II was cracking Enigma, German cryptographic system, which they used for radio and data transmission during the war. The operation was conducted by international intelligence forces, including Polish, French, American and British professionals. They coordinated their actions and the intelligence agencies of the allies collaborated to crack Enigma. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the Enigma machine based its cipher capabilities on a series of wired rotor wheels and a plugboard. Through a web of internal wiring, each of the 26 input contacts on the rotor were connected to a different output contac t. The wiring connections of one rotor differed from the connections on any other rotor (Cornwell, 2008). Additionally, each rotor had a moveable placement notch found on an outer ring. The notch forced the rotor to its left to step one place forward. This notch could be moved to a different point on the rotor by rotating the outer ring. The Germans followed a daily list, known as a key list, to indicate where the notch should be placed each day (Cornwell, 2008). Theoretically, Enigma was considered to be extremely difficult to crack. Researchers (Cornwell, 2008) estimate that the Germans believed the encryption generated by the machine to be unbreakable. With a theoretical number of ciphering possibilities of 3 X 10114, their belief was not unjustified.Cracking Enigma was the results of the Polish breakthrough combined with a German traitor provided by the French that resulted in the major success against Enigma, since the British and Americans became able to expand their findings into breaking Enigma as well as even more resilient German Navy encryption. In this regard, it is worth mentioning the fact that the Navy played the key part in the national security of the UK because the breakthrough of the Navy defense line would lead to the opening the way for landing the German army in the UK.The operation was conducted safely and did not cause casualties among the allies involved in the operation. In fact, all participants of the operations and agents remained safe and were not vulnerable to any prosecution or attacks from the part of Germans. They had managed to complete the intelligence operation successfully without being uncovered by the enemy. This is why the operation conducted by the allies’ intelligence to crack Enigma was successful. At the same time, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that the intelligence operation on cracking Enigma involved the large scale cooperation of agents and intelligence agencies internationally. The intell igence operation involved professionals from Poland, France, the UK and the US and even a German traitor. Therefore, the operation involved a large number of people that apparently increased the risk of its failure because the more there are people involved in the intelligence operation the higher is the risk of the failure of the operation. In case of the intelligence operation on cracking Enigma all professionals working on the operation had managed to survive and remained undiscovered by the enemy. This is why this operation was apparently successful.Furthermore, the allies’ armies and infrastructure remained unharmed and, more important, the allies armies have got better opportunities to track the movement and actions of the enemy securing its position through deciphering the communication between Germans, who used Enigma or its navy encryption. In such a way, the German military faced the problem of information breaches since the allies had got an opportunity to decipher the communication of Germans. As a result, they had got access to the secret information and their interceptions could help them to understand what Germans planned to do and reveal German strategy and key military operations (Stinnett, 2009). In fact, the cracking of Enigma gave the allies the clue to the communication channels of Germans that apparently weakened German army and enhanced the position of the allies in the war.The cracking of Enigma cause substantial harms to Germans, who became vulnerable to unexpected actions and attacks of the allies, who deciphered German communication due to the successful intelligence operation of cracking Enigma. Germans could not be absolutely safe anymore because the allies could foresee their operations and actions due to the information which they intercepted from the communication between Germans. In such a situation, Germans could not conduct their operations successfully and the risk of their failure increased because they could not enc rypt their communication effectively, while their enemy, i.e. the allies, could elaborate effective counter strategies being aware of actions and plans of Germans.Essay on Success and Failure of Intelligence part 2

U.S. Military Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

U.S. Military - Term Paper Example However, on joining military, I realized that instead of the deontological point of view I possessed in ethics, the military ethics is more easily explained in the light of teleology and utilitarianism. Admittedly, before joining military and even now I love to adopt the Deontological point of view in ethics. I was of the opinion that the rightness of an action is assessed by the goodness in the action itself; not in the consequences. However, on reaching the military career, I faced a dilemma as I felt, in the first glance, that my own ethical principles would be in sharp contradiction with the basic military ethics. According to Toner (2003), military ethics is rooted in three Os: owing, ordering, and oughting. A look into the concept of owing made me at first feel that if I owe to my comrades, my chain of command, and my nation, I will have to remove integrity from my ethical repertoire. This happened because according to my notions, integrity meant being faithful to ones own conv ictions. So, I reached the conclusion that while totally owing to the chain of command, one will not be able to be loyal to ones own judgments. However, as I probed further into the issue, I made the realization that army life is ‘selfless service’ where there is no ‘me-ism’ or ‘egotism’. This owing in military life is the result of knowing what one is doing and why it is being done. As Sonnenberg (1985) states, in military, ones integrity lies in the fact that one recognizes ones responsibility and obligation towards ones duty by understanding ones moral indebtedness towards those who have given one life and learning. There I made the realization that integrity is also about knowing the ethical basis of ones own actions. Integrity, in military sense, means acting with honor, performing duties with impartiality, and most importantly, avoiding conflicts of interest. The second important foundation of ethics in military is ordering. Admittedly, t his too created a lot of issues in the beginning as I found it contradictory to my own concept of liberty. However, later on I realized that in military, order is not directing subordinates what to do, but is the moral structuring and ethical priorities. The last point that deserves consideration is ‘oughting’. That means making one responsible for ones action. In fact, I always consider this personal responsibility as one among the most important ethical principles a person should possess. One naturally develops the doubt that when one is supposed to obey what directions come from the chain of command, how it is possible to be certain about the outcome of that action. Admittedly, for a soldier in the warfront, it is impossible to think a long time about the implications of following a direction before reaching an ethical judgment. So, it is reasonably justifiable if one claims that one cannot hold personal responsibility for ones actions in military. The best possible way to solve the confusion at this juncture is to bring forth the next important concept, that is, faith. In fact, I strongly believe in the ethical principle of faith. It is this mutual faith that keeps families, social organizations, governments, and even military together. One can say that faith in military is very vital, and in fact, a closer look will prove that just like a soldier’s faith in his nation’s and superior’s decisions, the whole nation and the superiors have faith in the soldier too. To illustrate, every military person is entrusted with a lot of arm

Religion in Indonesia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religion in Indonesia - Essay Example The Indonesian population is estimated to be 88 percent Muslims, 5.8 percent Protestants, 2.9 percent Catholics, 2 percent Hindus and 0.9 percent Buddhism (Slater, 2004). According to the Indonesian Constitution (McLeod & McIntyre 2007, pp 91): â€Å"the state is based on belief in One God† And,â€Å"the state guarantees the freedom of all residents to worship according to their own religion and beliefs† Although this is written in the constitution, the government does not show as much tolerance, as it acknowledges just five religions: Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, and Buddhism (Gort, Jansen & Vroom, 2004). Religion in Indonesia was considered to be a complicated and unpredictable matter in the beginning of the 1990s. It could not be evaluated without difficulty in terms of social rank, location or race. Even though Islam, Christianity (Roman Catholicism and Protestantism), Hinduism, Buddhism and other religions had a part in affecting the different parts of life, the Indonesian government did not allow religious parties to play a part in politics. The government assured acceptance of some particular religions (agama) which were monotheistic. These religions included Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism. However, these were only tolerated provided that they did not enter the political arena. Since the mid 1970s the government of Indonesia has officially recognized five religions that are mentioned above. Indonesia happens to be the most heavily populated nation with Muslims, globally (Forshee, 2006); about 88 percent of the Indonesians are Muslims (Slater, 2004). In the country, several of the provinces and islands consisted of a majority of the population being Islamic adherents. The range was from more than 50 percent in Kalimantan Bara and Maluku provinces to the degree 97.8 percent in the Special Region of Aceh. In Indonesia the two sects of Christianity, Protestantism and Roman Catholicism, are acknowledged as two separate religions. The Christians in Indonesia are in a minority. Around 5.8 percent of the Indonesians are Protestants while 2.9 percent are Catholics. Then there is Hinduism. The certified figure of Hindus in Indonesia is 10m (2007). According to this figure, Indonesia is globally the fourth largest country with Hindus. Just like Islam and Buddhism, Hinduism was also very much changed so as to suit the Indonesian culture. Even though the caste system existed in form, it was not at all strictly put in practice. Mahabharata and the Ramayana were the Hindu religious classics and they were made permanent cultures amongst the Indonesian followers (Forshee, 2006). They expressed it through shadow puppet and dance presentations. Sikhs are recorded as Hindus in Indonesia due to the fact that the country does not recognize Sikhism as a religion (Kesavapany, Mani & Ramasamy, 2008). The last of the fifth official religion is Buddhism which happens to be the second oldest religion in Indonesia. The 1990 national census showed that greater than 1 percent of the Indonesian population follow Buddhism as their religion. Initially Buddhism was a scholarly doctrine and just slightly related to the paranormal. However, there have now been plenty of changes in it due to politics as well as the individual emotive wish to be protected from the so many fears by a supreme divinity. In several manners, Buddhism is very much distinctive, with every human being responsible for his own person. Any person can perform meditation by himself and does not require any

The Countrys Of Production Possibility Curve Economics Essay

The Countrys Of Production Possibility Curve Economics Essay (B) Assuming that the country is currently producing 40 units of goods and 70 units of services , what is opportunity cost of producing another 10 units of goods? 70-65=5units services opportunity cost (C)Explain how the figures illustrate the principle of increasing opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is the best alternative give up for the chosen option. This means without cost cannot make any decision. It also can describe as relation between choices and scarcity. The scarcity is come from factor of production is include labour, land capital and entrepreneur because it is limited resource. Therefore, we need make a choice to get a good product and giving up other product to fulfill. In the figure 1.1, company produces services and goods. In point A order to produce 80 units of services and the goods is 0 units, because the company must use all their resource in producing services. The company produces 10 units of goods and 79 units of services. The increase of goods is 10 units therefore company need to give up 1 unit of services to produce goods because no enough resource to make it. In point b, if the company wants to produce 40 unit of goods, the company could only produce 70 units of services due to the scarcity of resource. In point C, the company has already utilized all the resources in produce 100 units of goods, therefore, the company will have no other resource to produce services in the market. According to figure 1.1, point A, B, and C are the most efficiency allocation of resource in production possibility curve. Point G and F are not efficiency allocation of resource. Point G is the impossible points to produce the output, because the company didnt have enough resource such as labour, land, capital and entrepreneur to produce output. Point F is a wastage of resource, because the company no plan well. For example, Samsung Company produces LCD television and radio. When each additional produce LCD television, Samsung Company will give up produce radio and increase the sales of LCD television, because the resources are limited. When the Samsung Company used all resource to produce LCD television, Samsung Company fully give up produce radio. When increasing produce 10 units of LCD television, Samsung Company will decrease 10 units of radio for the additional producing 10 units of LCD television. So, the opportunity cost is 10 units of radio. (D)Now assume that technical progress leads to a per cent increase in the output of goods for any given amount of resources. Draw the new production possibility curve. How has the opportunity cost of producing extra units of services altered? Table goods and services: Units of goods 0 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 Units of services 80 79 77 74 70 65 58 48 35 19 0 In the figure 1.2, company increase 10 per cent in the output of goods. If the company utilized all the resources to produce goods, maximum units of goods can been produce increase to 110 units. When the company increases producing units of services from 0 to 19 units, units of goods can be produce decrease from 110 to 99 units. That means, the opportunity cost is 11 (110-99=11). While the company increases producing units of services from 19 to 35 units, units of goods can be produce decrease from 99 to 88 units because the resource not enough to produce more than that amount of goods and the rest. That means, opportunity cost is 11 (99-88=11). From the figure 1.2, the opportunity cost of producing extra units of services is constants at 11 units. Example, Sony Company produces camera and android hand phone. In long term, market have potential to increase the unit android phone ,therefore each additional produce android, Sony Company will give up produce camera and increase to produce of android hand phone , because the factor of production are limited. According to NEXUS PRO ECONOMI ASAS by Theng Kock Leing, the opportunity cost can be defined which 2 alternative goods and services when each goods produce must give up some services. 2(A) What are the equilibrium price and quantity? Equilibrium price: RM5 Equilibrium quantity: 12 millions (B)Assume that changes in fashion cause the demand for t-shirts to rise by 4 million at each price. What will be the new equilibrium price and quantity? Has equilibrium quantity risen as much the rise in demand? Explain why or why not. Demand is defined as a consumer desires to own and willingness to buy some goods and services at suitable price and time. Demand also can define as a consumer willing buy and pay for the goods and services. Willingness to get some goods and services without the ability to pay not defined as demand. For example, MR LEE want to buy Proton Saga but he dont have ability to pay the money therefore this is calling willingness not call demand. On the other hand, if MR LEE has the ability to pay the price of car then the willingness MR LEE will become demand. Supply is defined as quantity of goods and services willingness and ability to supply or produce by firm at a suitable price and time set by the consumer. Price will affect quantity supply by consumer because different price will supply different quantity. Supply goods and services will affect by certain period of time. When the changed of certain period of time, supply of goods and services will be changed. According to law of demand, while the price of goods and services increase will affect the quantity of demand decrease assume Ceteris Paribus. On the other hand, the price of goods and services decrease will affect the quantity of demand increase therefore the relationship of price and quantity is negative. According law of supply, while the price of goods and services increase will affect the quantity of supply decrease assume Ceteris Paribus. On the other hand, the price of goods and services decrease will affect the quantity of supply increase therefore the relationship of price is positive. When the demand for t-shirts rise by 4 million, the new equilibrium price is RM6 and the new equilibrium quantity are 14 units. The equilibrium quantity is rise to 14 units from 12 units as rise in demand. When quantity of demand t-shirts rise 4 million, the quantity demand curve shift to right with the quantity supply fix. With the increasing in quantity demand, quantity demand is more that quantity supply at the equilibrium price at RM5. The firm will increase the price of t-shirts from RM5 to RM6 to decrease the excess demand. The new equilibrium will achieve at price RM6 and quantity 14 units of t-shirts. With the quantity supply fix and the changing of quantity demand will make the price and quantity change. As the conclusion, the initial equilibrium price RM5 will change to RM6 and the equilibrium quantity increase from 12 units to 14 units as the increase quantity demand. (C) Now plot the data in the table and mark the equilibrium. Also plot the new data corresponding to (B) Price(RM) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Quantity demanded 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Quantity supplied 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 New quantity of demand Price(RM) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Quantity demanded 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Quantity supplied 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4

Friendship Through the Years :: Friendship Essay Personal Narrative

Friendship Through the Years Two sets of twins live in the house cattycorner to mine. All four are girls, and all four are in diapers. The oldest set of twins, Michelle and Caitlin, are my age, and we quickly become playmates. Caitlin has striking red hair that drapes the bottom of her shoulder blades. She is so outgoing she would chat with a hobo on the street if her mother were not there to stop her. Michelle, on the other hand, is quieter and more reserved. She is an inch or two shorter than the kids her age, and lacks the confidence that dominates her sister's personality. She clings to me. Her shy personality coincides with my bold and adventurous one. She willingly becomes my sidekick, and joins me in numerous neighborhood adventures. We travel the grassy plains, and trek across the muddy rivers, stopping only for the occasional diaper change, and the pacifiers that fall behind. Our friendship is uncommon, exciting, and pure, but I am too young to treasure this rare gift that God has given me. It is first grade, and not has much changed. Michelle's short stature has only grown more apparent, and the increasing number of people surrounding her has become overwhelming. She clutches onto me, too afraid to meet her taller, bolder classmates. At recess, Michelle and I select the multicolor u's that link together to make chains. We plop ourselves down on the gray, matted carpet and begin to make necklaces and bracelets. Something makes us chuckle, and before you know it we are grabbing at our sides with laughter pains. Michelle laughs so hard that she pees all over our beautiful creations that we, and the classroom, left on the floor. Her angelic smile turns immediately into an expressionless stare. I look into her puppy eyes and watch tear after tear streak down her cheeks into the pee that surrounds her. I want to take that pain away from her. I want all those small, watchful eyes in the class to glare at me instead of innocent little Michelle. It is sixth grade and the Green Springs Special Chorus, which Michelle and I are a part of, is going to the junior high school to sing. Our choir is singing seventies music, and we are required to wear seventies clothes. Michelle and I are matching from head to toe. Our attire consists of blue felt poodle skirts, white shirts, black scarves, and starch-white Ked's shoes.

Dante s Daughter

Their family is then forced to leave their home town of Florence Italy by the co instant dueling of political groups in the cities, between the white Gulfs, who opposed the p papacy influence and the black Gulfs, who supported the papacy. Dante, her father, also a white Gulf supporter, went to Rome on â€Å"business† to see Pope Boniface VIII, when the black Gulfs take over the CIA TTY, the Aligner family knew that they had to escape the city in fear that they would all be killed by ca use of Dent's political standing and the fact that he was not present in Florence.Antonio was to fool w her brothers out of the city and their mother would meet them later, they had to run out of the city, s he saw many gruesome events of war while she was fleeing the city, she saw the true chaos that came from people during times of war. Their family had to disperse amongst their relatives and some of her b rooters even went away to become apprentices Gina went to their Uncle Francesco, while P itter and Jackpot became ablates with the Dominicans at Santa Maria.As for Antonio she went to stay and help with her father's sister, Deviant, and her family, Disco her uncle who was a painter, and her cousins Margarita and Foe in Siena. As for her mother, she had went to work on her mother's farms. Antonio lived with her aunt and uncle for nearly five years. Her mother visited her as often as she could. She worked along with Disco in his shop learning to paint, and hell peed out with the housework with Deviant, Margarita and Lecturer, Disco's sister. She had SSH eared a bed with Margarita who was only a couple of years older than her and got to know he r real well.One day Notation's father sends a letter to her, inviting her to come along with him to P arise France since he will e studying at the university there, he already offered her brothers to come w tit but they could not. Shortly after Antonio receives the letter her father. Dante arrived so soon that Antonio had barely got ten to make up her mind, but she decided to go along with her father on this DVD endure. Through their travels Antonio gets a new understanding of her father. Antonio along with he r inattentive father travel from city to city spending their nights in either inns or with nobles, in their cash tiles. Pond their arrival to Paris, Dante immediately goes to into his studies in search h of new knowledge, while in the first couple of days Antonio is just sitting around the an. Eventually, Antonio met up with an old friend of her fathers, at a Beguine, a community of sings e women living under Nun like conditions but could work to make a living and could break free of an y vows and leave if they like. Antonio decided to stay with the women of the Beguine while her father r studied at the university.The three ladies Antonio stayed with, Claire, Mated, and Assess, worked as illumination, an art form done to liven up a page of a book or a document, Antonio helped with her prior knowledge f pa inting. Events quickly went downhill for the group of girls, Assess died, and later her mother Claire. As for Antonio, Dante decided that the knowledge he had sought, could d not be obtained at the University and they decided to head back to Italy. Antonio had returned to Siena to stay with her Uncle Disco's family again, who ill Dante had left her to work with the emperor of Germany and Italy.Disco was on a new commission that had made them much wealthier, and of course everyone was much older than the y were previously. Margarita was soon to be engaged with Pitter, and Antonio had also begun t experience her share of romantic relationships, first with Seeing a loving apprentice to Disco, then Tit ere to Farina, a young man who lived in Florence, when she had moved there to live with her mother r and uncle. Yet neither one worked out, she left Siena forgetting about Seeing, and when the emperor r failed at capturing Florence, the Aligner name meant little and was hated in Florence, so Farina a didn't want to marry her.Notation's Family was reunited and continued to live on in a house of their owe n in Vienna. Antonio struggled with what the true meaning of her life was to be with god. S he had gotten malaria, which she was lucky enough to surpass. Imbroglio, on of her best friends fro m back in Siena had came to visit her in her State Of illness and wanted to marry her, Antonio agrees and they live happily, until Imbroglio dies of plague. Antonio then decides, knowing her fate, to join the c invent of San Stefan Dogleg Alive.The Historical fiction novel, Dana?s Daughter had gotten many things right with barely any wrongful descriptions, the author, Kimberly Houston surely did their homework. Not only did she write this novel accurately she did it in SST of the different aspects of the book. Whether it was from their lifestyle of different social classes, like what they ate, wore and how they lived, the way they traveled, the events that happened in the time p eriod of the early fourteenth century, their beliefs, and even the fact that most of the characters actually existed in this time period.The author portrayed the lifestyles of the people in the book very realistically. The roles of women in the 1300†² in actuality was to stay home maintain the household, cooking, cleaning and taking care of the children, which was the name roles the author portrayed, the mothers of different households always prepared their food and spent the day cleaning and tidying up the house. Younger girls like Antonio in the novel helped with such chores like the laundry. In the novel they did the laundry down at the river which was common in that era (McKay, John P. ). Antonio mother wore a turban when she would clean, which was also accurately explained.Clothing worn by characters was only described for the females, it was always gowns with different colors, always handmade by the mothers of the household, and silk as very dressy and expensive. In histo ry, it was common for families to make their own clothing and women only really wore gowns, silk was of the most valuable cloth in this time frame as well (McKay, John As for the common diet of Italians in the thirteen hundreds, consisted mostly of bread, which was the most important staple of their diet and stews, made of whatever ingredients they could get.Houston wrote about what they would eat, they would always eat bread with olive oil, and Notation's mother would always have the best soups made from the best ingredients she could mind, which would have been correct for the time period and the wealth of the Aligner family. Between the pair of Antonio and Dante, when they were traveling they had a mule and horse, which only the higher class could afford since many poor pilgrims could only travel on foot which was accurate for the time too.The Nobility that Dante and Antonio stayed with also had a very descriptive lifestyle differing from the Aligner family. The upper class lived in large palaces or castles and had feasts very often, in which they ate exotic foods, crayfish, eels in plum sauce, asparagus, cheese tarts, green beans eked in almond milk, roast venison with garlic, partridge stewed with lentils and shallots, chicken cooked with pears and brandy, tiny spring lettuces dressed with olive oil and perceive, junket, strawberry tarts, and many other dishes.The nobility also had the ability to house many subjects they sought useful for their skills. There were two major patrons of Dante, lady Cluenice, and Can Grandee. In history little is known about the true paths Dante had taken, there is no account of him staying with a lady Cluenice, but there is documentation of him staying with Can Grandee for the reason of Can Grandee's interests in the importance and reasoning behind The Divine Comedy, that Dante was writing the evidence is found in the letter that Dante had written to Can Grandee explaining the books (Aligner, Dante).Dante Aligner was a famou s poet in the time period who had written many books the three parts that make up The Divine Comedy, Inferno, Purgatorial, and Paradise, all mentioned in the book plus his writings of other books, and The Banquet, although over fifty poetic works are known from Dante. Antonio was very fascinated by the large structures of the gigantic cathedrals in Paris, mainly Notre dame. She was very intrigued, and found peace amongst its' large mosaics held together by lead.This account was very accurate, Notre dame is famous for its' large mosaics, and it started its construction in 1160 and finished in 1345, well within Notation's lifetime. Kimberly Houston portrayed the lifestyles of different social groups very accurately throughout the novel. There was one common disease that multiple people contracted throughout the happening of the book, and it was malaria, a disease carried by mosquito. Antonio had contracted it, and during the time it was almost a death sentence (McKay, John P. , yet sh e survived through it.Antonio had experienced immense pain and was deathly ill, for a couple of weeks, then would endure eight hour long fevers and intense pain that would go away and return two days later. Antonio went through series of pains much like the actual symptoms which were, headaches, fever, lethargy, chills, abdominal pains, sickness, muscular pains, diarrhea, and coughing fits. Kimberly Houston had shown the symptoms characters were experiencing accurately as they would be in the real world. The common scientific beliefs of people in the novel were also of accurate details in the novel.Accurately for this time, people in the story believed in the Ptolemaic system. Which stated that the heavens rotated on big crystal spheres around the earth. This was the common belief until 1 543, when Copernicus published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, which proved the earth was not at the center Of the universe (McKay, John Many of the events that took place in the book h appened in real life. In the book, King Phillips armies had harried Boniface VII to death, and engineered Clement V into office, and brought the papacy into France.While written accurately, the papacy was stationed in Avignon, France in 1309, in the time frame covered in the book, and in fact it was King Philip IV that that is responsible for both moving the papacy and bringing in a tradition of having French popes. Another event including King Philip IV of France is that there is a scene from the book where the Knights Template and everyone associated with them are being arrested for the Kings' benefit. What the book failed to mention is the reasoning behind Philip Avis' actions and motives of this action.King Philip IV was very much in debt to the Template, whereas in the novel had explained it s the ‘Template were engaged in unnatural and illegal activities offensive to god†¦ † (Houston, Kimberley Burton), which was not true since the Template Were a strictly ran group, by the pope, to be a religious army, but King Philip did have them arrested in real history for his own benefit. The Template, described by Houston, were very large, muscular men, with the knowledge of scholars, which is an accurate description of the way the Knights Template would have been since they were knights.Antonio along with the other women of the Beguine, had done work for the Template illuminating comments, which would have been against the code of the Template to have any contact with women (Temporarily. Com). Another event that took place was the newly elected emperor Henry VII, who in the novel was convinced by Dante Aligner to march on Florence to capture it amongst his empire and to hopefully redeem the Aligner name in Florence, Italy.The holy roman emperor Henry VII of Germany historically had the support of Dante, and did wage war on Romancer since they were part of the Gulfs, both Dante and Henry VII were Gibberellins (McKay, John P). Yet another event tha t occurred in he book happened in Verona, Italy, it was that the palace that Can Grandee lived in was frescoed by an artist named Ghetto, nothing is known of his work in Verona, Ghost's Personality in the book was that he was very enthusiastic and compassionate towards art, he also had a very high pitch girl laugh, Not much is known of his personality although he did work on many frescoes.In addition, the Aligner Family was forced to leave their hometown of Florence by cause of the dueling political parties, the Gibberellins and the Gulfs, which were actual groups at the time which either liked the pope's influence on everything or despised it.Lastly, the fall of Rome to the Byzantines and barbarians who began to construct huge basilicas with large mosaics on the interior, was mentioned towards the latter part of the book, the Byzantines had actually built these large basilicas although it was really the decline of the holy roman empire that brought in these Byzantines and barbarian s to influence Rome (McKay, John The options a women could take throughout their life was described in the book as, if they did not get married, they could use their dowry from their parents to join a convent and become a nun, join a Beguine, or become a requisite.This statement made in the book by Antonio is not completely true, not only could women become housewives, nuns, or prostitutes, but they could also work as servants or join a Beguine. In the book none of the younger people had known about Beguines, and even when Antonio had found out she only thought that they existed in France. Although many of the surviving Beguines exist in Belgium albeit there was one in France, and many of the ancient Beguines had existed on the outskirts of Paris, the Beguine described in the book, sounded like it was nearly in the center OfParis, because it was within a short walking distance to important areas like shops and Dante could be there quickly to visit, plus there were buildings they wen t to on both sides of the Beguine. The tools and procedures used by the different artistic professions were described briefly in the novel, it had listed the linoleum, what processes they would make paints and glues for frames, and the different layers in a fresco. The linoleum was a moon shaped knife meant for preparing parchment by scraping the excess skin and hairs off of pelts.This linoleum knife was actually seed almost exclusively for illuminating because illuminating required a special type of medium to be written on (â€Å"Illumination parchment). Antonio had known the preparation steps to make this parchment from learning it from Disco he uncle, who was an artist, one would take calf skin stretch it out, scrape the excess skin and impurities from it, then split it into separate sheets until of desirable thickness, and then scrape it again with the linoleum to get rid of any shiny surfaces.This process of manufacturing parchment was common through the middle ages and into t he Renaissance (Differences teens Parchment, Vellum and Paper. ). When Disco was working on the Masses;, an actual painting done in sienna by the real Disco (Disco Did Obnoxiousness, Masses; Altarpiece), him and his apprentices, would always be asking for egg whites from the girls to mix with pigments from plants, and asking for cheeses which they would use to make their glues to put together frames. Egg whites were in fact used to make the popular paint tempera during the Renaissance, and so was cheese used inn glues during this time period.The base layers of frescoes described in the novel, by Houston, was Ricoh, and intonation, these were the easiest and required the least artistic ability out of the whole Fresco process, and they were the top finishing layer and the base starting layer (â€Å"Categories Terms†. ). The author had gotten every detail right, when it came to the tools and procedures that had been used in the making of the artwork in the story. The river syste ms as described in the novel were the Aaron River of Florence, and the Adage River of Verona.The Main character Antonio had described the Aaron River as Very muddy and not very navigable whereas the Adage River in Verona was better navigable and as a result had more trade coming in. The Aaron River in Florence has many tributaries which makes it harder to navigate and the Adage River does not making it easier to navigate. In Conclusion, the author, Kimberly Houston, did a very good job in the development of Dent's Daughter. She had gotten about ninety-nine percent of the detail, events and people right in the development of this book.She had made the fiction life of actual characters very accurate and convincing for the time period. She had gotten the tools and procedures for certain artistic jobs right or the time frame, the correct people doing the right events in the right year, correct descriptions of travel and the river ways, the ways certain groups acted, the food they ate, t he clothes they wore, the ideology of the common people, the side effects of malaria, artistic terms, and even the existence Of certain characters and their connection in history.

False Confession Experiment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1100 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2018/12/18 Category Psychology Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Research Question The research question in the article, Innocent but Proven Guilty: Eliciting Internalized False Confessions Using Doctored-Video Evidence by Nash and Wade (2008), is: Could fake-video evidence lead people to believe they committed an act they never did? This research question is interesting as it reveals how people may be driven to make false confessions when presented with a fake-video evidence (Nash Wade, 2008). It further shows that the criminal justice system may be apprehending people, who have made false confessions, and deeming them guilty of actions they have not committed. The real criminals are left free to continue to commit more criminal offences. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "False Confession Experiment" essay for you Create order The research questions, therefore, attempts to investigate the probability and possibilities of people being proven guilty based on fabricated evidences. Introduction Research conducted by several scholars has indicated that most innocent people are proven guilty for criminal offences they did not commit. Such people end up behind bars serving time for offences they were not part of. Fake evidence is the main contributing factor to innocent people being locked in prisons. Fake evidence, such as fake eyewitness testimonies and fake-video evidence, pushes innocent people to make false confessions. With the advances in technology, more sophisticated and affordable computers, digital machines, and desk-top video editing machines have become more popular. These digital devices have also made it easier for people to recreate past events and use them against other people. When people view these videos, they are forced to believe that they were part and parcel of past criminal offences. The implication is false confessions by these people. Fake eyewitnesses may also convince people that they are guilty of committing various crimes through their fake testi monies. Fake eyewitnesses may also convince these people by suggesting that there are videos, which recorded them committing the criminal offences. As a result, these innocent people end up making false confessions. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate how fake-video evidences make people to believe they committed an act they never did. Methodology The researchers, Nash and Wade, compared between fake-video evidence and fake eyewitness testimonies in order to illustrate whether fake-video evidence could lead people to believe they committed a criminal offence they never did before. The researchers, further, employed a metacognitive model, which helped them to make a clear comparison. Three tests were also conducted (Nash Wade, 2008). These tests include investigating whether fake-video evidence generated more false confessions that fake eyewitness evidence, find out a new model for examining the impact of fake evidence on false confessions, and to collect data on cognitive forces. The task the subjects performed is likely to be very important but the exact nature of their stimuli is not. Results The main findings of the research were that the participants believed to have committed criminal offences when presented with false evidence. 93% of the total subjects internalized and signed the confessions forms. 87% out of the 93% signed the confession papers on the first request while 7% signed after the second request. In experiment one and two, 67% and 73% of the subjects believed they committed the criminal offences after viewing the fake-video evidences (Nash Wade, 2008). On the other side, experiment one and two showed that 60% and 13% of the subjects respectively made false confessions when presented with fake eyewitness evidence. These figures answer the research questions by suggesting that there is a high likelihood of people making false confessions when presented with fake-video evidences. Implications Nash and Wade found out that fake-video evidences produced false confessions from innocent people. The implication of the experiments is that most of the subjects believed that the main aim of the research was to investigate their gambling habits and not false confessions, compliance issues, and memory distortions among many others. This reveals how the topic on false confessions is not always a product of the many experiments that are often conducted by scholars. An effective model should, therefore, be developed to deal with the fabricated evidence presented to innocent people. Future research should be carried out to find the frequency of fake-evidence videos resulting into false confessions. The impacts of the fake-video confessions on false confessions should be investigated. Lastly, effective strategies should be researched to get rid of the fake-video evidences and fake eyewitness evidences in order to prevent the justice system from apprehending the wrong people. Critique In my opinion, the article, Innocent but Proven Guilty: Eliciting Internalized False Confessions Using Doctored-Video Evidence by Nash and Wade (2008), is very resourceful how fake-video evidences results into false confessions. The research design of the article makes sense. The research design was also perfect for answering the research question. No other research design could be used to answer the research question. I would involve the criminal justice officials in further experiments. The criminal justice officials, such as criminal detectives, could be used to convey the fake evidences. Such an experiment would show whether the frequency of fake-video evidence and fake eyewitness evidences in producing false confessions would be equal or not. An example of such an experiment with a similar research question was conducted recently by Frances Chapman in 2006 in his article, Coerced Internalized False Confessions and Police Interrogations: The Power of Coercion. Frances Chapman con ducted a research on how people fall victims of coerced internalized false confessions. In his experiment, Frances investigated how police interrogations resulted into coerced internalized false confessions. He further investigated the Billy Wayne Cope case in order to come up with a conclusive argument. The article by Frances Chapman (2006) is similar to Nash and Wades article (2008) as it attempts to point out how the criminal justice system or rather the legal system apprehends people on the basis of false evidence. France shows how the interrogators use fake-video evidences and fake eyewitness evidences to convince their suspects of taking part in various criminal offences. Both articles show how the suspects are made to believe that their lack of memory brought about by alcohol, stress, and blackout may have driven them to forget their involvement in certain criminal offences. Conclusion In conclusion, fake-video evidence results into coerced internalized false confessions. Human beings are made to believe that they committed various criminal offences even when they never did. Fake-video evidences and fake eyewitness evidence are the main contributors of innocent people being proven guilty. However, Nash and Wade reveal in their article, Innocent but Proven Guilty: Eliciting Internalized False Confessions Using Doctored-Video Evidence (2008), that the frequency of fake-video evidence resulting into false confessions is higher compared to the fake eyewitness evidences. References Robert Nash Kimberley Wade. (2008). Innocent but Proven Guilty: Eliciting Internalized False Confessions Using Doctored-Video Evidence, John Wiley Sons, Ltd, 1-28.